Adverse childhood experiences and craving: Results from an Italian population in outpatient addiction treatment

Abstract

Background Despite the growing interest in addiction research, which demonstrates the potential predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), little is known about their impact on the psychological symptoms of craving. Methods After reviewing the relevant diagnostic criteria for addiction and comorbid mental disorders along with routinely collected clinical and service-use data, 208 outpatients were assessed on the study protocol. Following the recruitment phase, nominal and ordinal data were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Results Most of the outpatients reported ACEs (89.1%) and experienced cravings (73.4-95.7%). A positive association between ACEs and either intention and preplanning (r=.14, p