Influence of lipoproteins on microglial degradation of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-protein

Abstract

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the major component of plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is a small hydrophobic protein that is carried on apolipoprotein E (ApoE)- and ApoJ-containing lipoprotein particles in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Microglia, the scavenger cells of the CNS, take up and degrade Aβ via lipoprotein receptors including scavenger receptors A and B, and possibly via other receptors. Lipoproteins, ApoE, and ApoJ influence the uptake and degradation of Aβ in vitro and in vivo. Differences in ApoE-E4, -E3, and -E2 isoforms with respect to Aβ binding to lipoproteins and delivery to cells, including microglia, may contribute to the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease for people with an APOE4 genotype and to risk reduction with APOE2. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.