State of the art in the teaching of computational thinking and programming in childhood education

Abstract

Learning to code is the new literacy of the 21st century. Computational thinking, closely related to programming and coding, requires thinking and solving problems with different levels of abstraction and it is independent of software or hardware devices. This work analyzes the main initiatives related to computer thinking in schools, the use of specific tools, such as robotics kits or educational programming environments, and main teaching-learning strategies used in early childhood education.