Gene transmission, growth, and exogeneous growth hormone expression of g2 transgenic betta fish (Betta imbellis)

Abstract

In our previous research, we had successfully produced G0 and G1 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus growth hormone (PhGH) transgenic Betta imbellis, native ornamental betta from Indonesia, which it’s giant-sized variant has valuable price for the breeders. The G0 and G1 transgenic (TG) fish showed higher growth rate and body size compared to the non-transgenic (NT) fish. The study was aimed to produce and evaluate the consistencies of transgene transmission and expression in G2 generation. The growth rate and body size between TG and NT fish was also compared. The G2 generation was produced using crosses between TG and NT G1 fish: ♂TG × ♀TG, ♂TG × ♀NT, ♂NT × ♀TG, and ♂NT ×♀ NT. Fish were reared for 12 weeks and transgene detection was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method from the caudal fin clips. The endogenous and exogenous GH expression analysis was conducted using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. The results showed that the inheritance of the GH transgene by the G2 fish was more than 90% in all transgenic crosses. Endogenous GH was expressed at the same levels in the brain of TG and NT fish, but the exogenous GH expression was highly detected only in the TG fish. The G2 transgenic fish had a higher specific growth rate, up to 31%, compared to the control. The body length of TG crosses were 23-35% higher and had 111-135% higher body weight compared to NT fish. These results showed a promising approached in mass-producing stable lines of giant-sized betta using the GH-transgenic technology..