AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL: METODOLOGIAS APLICADAS NO BRASIL

Abstract

The observation of the effects, generally negatives, caused to the environment by human activities has led the creation of standards and basic conditions for that an enterprisecan take ownership of aspecificarea, aiming that does not cause significant changes to the environment, such as the preservation of the natural resources. In this context, the methods of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) had been formulated, which for excellence are dedicated to make predictions of the effects of a specific project to the short, medium and long term. The present work discusses the main methods of environmental impact assessment, In particular the methodologies: AD HOC, Checklist method, Interaction Matrices, Interaction Networks, Superposition of Letters, Simulation Models, Quantitative Methodologies and AMBITEC-AGRO. The technical information about each of the available methods can assist professionals in environmental impact assessment in the selection or fusion of these, in order to be compatible with the nature of the enterprise or be the causative factor in the environmental change that will be studied. The safe choice of the methodology to be applied allows a more accurate and reliable evaluation to mitigate the negative impacts in the environment.