Cardiovascular dynamics of Canadian Indigenous peoples

Abstract

Limited understanding of Indigenous adults’ cardiovascular structure and function exists despite high rates of cardiovascular disease. This investigation characterised cardiovascular structure and function among young Indigenous adults and compared to age- and sex-matched European descendants. Echocardiographic assessments included apical two- and four-chamber images, parasternal short-axis images and Doppler. Analyses included cardiac volumes, dimensions, velocities and strains. Cardiovascular structure and function were similar between Indigenous (n=10, 25 ± 3 years, 4 women) and European-descendant (n=10, 24 ± 4 years, 4 women,) adults, though European descendants demonstrated greater systemic vascular resistance (18.19 ± 3.94 mmHg∙min −1 ∙L −1 vs. 15.36 ± 2.97 mmHg∙min −1 ∙L −1 , p=0.03). Among Indigenous adults, women demonstrated greater arterial elastance (0.80 ± 0.15 mmHg·mL −1 ·m −2 vs. 0.55 ± 0.17 mmHg·mL −1 ·m −2 , p=0.02) and possibly greater systemic vascular resistance (17.51 ± 2.20 mmHg∙min −1 ∙L −1 vs. 13.93 ± 2.61 mmHg∙min −1 ∙L −1 , p=0.07). Indigenous men had greater cardiac size, dimensions and output, though body size differences accounted for cardiac size differences. Similar cardiac rotation and strains were observed across sexes. Arterial elastance and cardiac size were different between Indigenous men and women while cardiovascular structure and function may be similar between Indigenous and European descendants.