Doppler ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the arterial blood supply of hip joints in skeletally immature cats

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate hemodynamics and morphology of hip joint vasculature in cats with the use of color and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. ANIMALS 30 client-owned healthy skeletally immature cats presented for routine examinations between September 7, 2022, and March 25, 2023. METHODS Cats between 3.5 to 18 months old with healthy hip joints and Hct within reference ranges (26% to 44.2%) were eli-gible for inclusion. Color and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography was performed without sedation. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), mean diastolic velocity (MDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured for major arteries of the hip joints. RESULTS Intermediate pulsatility, resistance to flow, and pandiastolic anterograde flow were evident for all arteries evaluated for each joint except for the ligamentum capitis ossis femoris artery (LCOFA). Spectral waveforms for the LCOFA showed a low-resistance pattern with continuous forward diastolic flow. No significant differences were found in the mean PI or MDV between the left and right sides for the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery or in the mean PI of the ascending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery. Mean PSV of the LCOFA was lower (but nonsignificantly) for left hip joints vs right hip joints, whereas other values were often higher on cats’ left side vs their right. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provided insight into the morphology and hemodynamics of the femoral head vasculature in skeletally immature cats and showed Doppler ultrasound values to study the clinically normal blood supply to hip joints in cats.