A comparative study on the effectiveness of the training system of an augmented reality-based automated external defibrillator with an added tactile sense

Abstract

This comparative study verifies the positive effects on learning by adding tactile senses to a training system for augmented reality (AR) automated external defibrillator (AED) using smart glasses. An AR-AED training system using HoloLense was developed. Then, differences on direct experiences between learning using simple gesture recognition and with added tactile senses using surrounding objects were compared. Vividness, presence, flow, and experientiality were analyzed as points capable of enhancing learning AR and virtual reality (VR). Two groups experienced the AR AED training system and the AED training system adding tactile senses. The vividness, presence, flow, and experientiality of the AR-AED training system with added tactile senses were higher than the AR-AED training system using gesture recognition. Thus, the participants of the tactile sense-added learning group perceive virtual objects to be realer than participants of the gesture recognition-based learning group, and felt that the virtual objects existed in actual environments. Enhanced flow directly related to enhanced learning, which concludes enhanced tactile senses using actual objects affect enhanced learning. Since gesture recognition-based AR-AED training is similar to a simulated stage experience, which is like indirect experiences in the experientiality stage, tactile sense-added learning is close to the exploratory stage and spectator stage of touching and seeing objects. Thus, it is concluded that learning effects would be enhanced by adding tactile senses by connecting the training system with actual objects based on prior studies indicating that vividness, presence, flow, and experientiality have a quantitative correlation with the learning effects. This comparative study verified that tactile interaction through physical interaction with virtual objects is important in education requiring physical training and practical experience, such as AED training.