Crude Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Could Control the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Alternaria Toxins in Processing Tomato

Abstract

Alternaria spp. and its toxins are the main contaminants in processing tomato. Based on our earlier research, the current study looked into the anti-fungal capacity of crude lipopeptides from B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 against A. alternata. We found that the crude lipopeptides significantly inhibited A. alternata growth and reduced tomato black spot disease incidence. SEM analysis found that the crude lipopeptides could change the morphology of mycelium and spores of A. alternata. Four main Alternaria toxins were detected using UPLC-MS/MS, and the findings demonstrated that the crude lipopeptides could lessen the accumulation of Alternaria toxins in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, under the stress of crude lipopeptides, the expression of critical biosynthetic genes responsible for TeA, AOH, and AME was substantially down-regulated. The inhibitory mechanism of the crude lipopeptides was demonstrated to be the disruption of the mycelial structure of A. alternata, as well as the integrity and permeability of the membrane of A. alternata sporocytes. Taken together, crude lipopeptides extracted from B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 are an effective biological agent for controlling tomato black spot disease and Alternaria toxins contamination.