Model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Abstract

Background: Obesity and diabetes are frequently associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but studies have been hampered by the absence of a suitable experimental model. Objective: Our objective was to create a rat model of NASH. Design: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat, liquid diet (71% of energy from fat, 11% from carbohydrates, 18% from protein) or the standard Lieber-DeCarli diet (35% of energy from fat, 47% from carbohydrates, 18% from protein). The diets were given ad libitum or as two-thirds of the amount consumed ad libitum. Results: Rats fed the high-fat diet ad libitum for 3 wk developed panlobular steatosis, whereas those fed the standard diet had few fat droplets. Accordingly, total lipid concentrations with the high-fat and standard diets were 129.9 ± 9.1 (x- ± SEM) and 66.7 ± 4.6 mg/g liver, respectively (P < 0.001). The high-fat diet caused abnormal mitochondria and mononuclear inflammation, which were accompanied by increased hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α; P < 0.001), TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) (P < 0.001), collagen type 1, and α1(I) procollagen mRNA (P < 0.001). In addition, these rats had increased cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA (P < 0.001), which was accompanied by CYP2E1 induction (P < 0.001) and oxidative stress with increased 4-hydroxynonenal (P < 0.001). Plasma insulin was elevated, which reflected insulin resistance, a NASH pathogenic factor. Rats fed a restricted high-fat diet developed only mild steatosis with attenuated biochemical changes, whereas those given a restricted standard diet had normal livers. Conclusion: This rat model reproduces the key features of human NASH and provides a realistic experimental model for elucidating its treatment. © 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition.