Impact of a long-lived anticyclonic mesoscale eddy on seawater anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean: A composite analysis from hydrographic measurements, sea level altimetry data, and reanalysis model products

Abstract

Using observational data, satellite altimeters, and reanalysis model products, we have investigated eddy-induced seawater anomalies and heat and salt transport in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. An eddy detection algorithm (EDA) was used to identify eddy formation at the Mexican Tehuantepec Gulf (TT) in July 2018 during an unusually strong summer wind event. The eddy separated from the coast with a mean translation velocity of 11g cms-1 and a mean radius of 115g km and traveled 2050-2400g km westwards off the Central American coast, where it was followed at approx 114g g W and 11g g N for oceanographic observation between April and May 2019. The in situ observations show that the major eddy impacts are restricted to the upper 300g m of the water column and are traceable down to 1500g m water depth. In the eddy core at 92g m water depth an extreme positive temperature anomaly of 8.2g g C, a negative salinity anomaly of-0.78g psu, a positive fluorescence anomaly of +0.8g mgm-3, and a positive dissolved oxygen concentration anomaly of 137g μmolkg-1 are observed. Compared with annual climatological averages in 2018, the water trapped within the eddy is estimated to transport an average positive westward zonal heat anomaly of 85×1012g W and an average westward negative salt anomaly of-2.1×106g kgg s-1. The heat transport is the equivalent of 1g % of the total annual zonal eddy-induced heat transport at this latitude in the Pacific Ocean. Understanding the dynamics of long-lived mesoscale eddies that may reach the seafloor in this region of the Pacific Ocean is especially important in light of potential deep-sea mining activities that are being targeted on this area.