Modeling projection of the number of charging stations and battery electric vehicles until 2030 in Jakarta Indonesia in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

Abstract

The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has committed to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging the acceleration program for battery-based electric motorized vehicles for road transportation through a Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019. To accelerate the number of Battery Electric Vehicles (EV), supporting infrastructure is needed such as charging stations. Because with the availability of a sufficient number of charging stations, it will be one of the attractions for people to buy Battery Electric Vehicles. By using the System Dynamics methodology, a projected modeling of the number of Battery Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations (CS) is made until 2030. The increase in the number of Battery Electric Vehicles is influenced by, among others, the price of Battery Electric Vehicles and also the number of Charging Stations themselves. The projection results state that the ratio of the number of charging stations to the number of Battery Electric Vehicles is still far below 1:10. So that the increase in the number of Battery Electric Vehicles must be further improved by lowering the price of Battery Electric Vehicles, one of them.