Erosão superficial em argissolo amarelo sob cultivo perene e com pousio florestal em área de relevo montanhoso

Abstract

The mountainside region of Rio de Janeiro (Região Serrana Fluminense) has many freshwater springs and the State's largest remaining area of Atlantic Rainforest. It is important to know and control the harmful effects of soil erosion in order to harmonize environmental preservation with the intensive vegetable production in this mountain region. The purpose of this paper was to study soil loss by erosion and the hydrological components in an area with a slope gradient of 65 cm m-1. The study area consisted of plots with vegetable production in a rotation system, with banana and of a five-year-old forest fallow in a small watershed of the municipality of Bom Jardim. Three experimental plots of 88.0 m2 each (4 x 22 m) were installed to monitor soil loss, runoff and soil water dynamics. Soil characterization was performed by physic, chemical and mineralogy analysis. The highest soil erosion loss was recorded in the critical period between September and March, with approximately 30t ha-1 yr-1 from the annual crops and 10 t ha-1 yr-1 from forest fallow in the first year of development. The soil properties that correlated best with erosion were texture and the soil aggregate stability index. It was concluded that the time of soil use for vegetable cultivation and forest fallow can affect the maintenance of natural resources in this area, reducing slope stability and accelerating the erosive processes.