Effects of low intensity laser irradiation during healing of skin lesions in the rat

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether laser light can improve healing of skin wounds by killing wound bacteria while simultaneously accelerating host tissue activity. Materials and Methods: Wounds on the rat dorsum were irradiated or sham-irradiated three timesweekly from days 1 to 19 using 635 or 808 nm diode lasers at 1 or 20 J/cm2. Wound area and bacterial growth were evaluated three timesweekly. Histological analysis was performed on days 8 and 19. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on day 19. Results: Wounds that were irradiated using 635 nm light at 1 J/cm2 healed similarly to controls. Wounds that were irradiated using 808 nm(1 and 20 J/cm2, P≤0.05) and 635 nm light (20 J/cm2, P≤0.05) were worse in wound maximum area atday 3 compared with controls. Further, 635 nm light at 20 J/cm2 delayed wound closure at day 19 (ASL=0.0127). Bacterial colonization of wounds was altered using 635 nm (20 J/cm2, P<0.0001) and 808 nm light (1 J/cm2, P<0.0001; 20 J/cm 2, P=0.02). In particular, the presence of normal skin flora decreased (P<0.0001-0.0002) and, when using 808 nm light, the presence of S. aureus increased (P=0.0001). There was histological evidence of advanced repair using 635 nm at 1 J/cm2 at day 8 (ASL<0.04). In contrast, markers of acute repairwere increased and of late repair were decreased at day 19 using 635 nm at 20 J/cm2 (ASL<0.04). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that while clearing wounds of certain bacteria is feasible it does not necessarily translate into a healing advantage. When normal flora are disturbed, environmental organisms more readily colonize the wound surface. It is not clear when using 808 nm light whether the loss of normal flora in thewound alone is responsible for the proliferation of S. aureus or whether the light adds to the effect by stimulating S. aureus growth. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.