A thioesterase bypasses the requirement for exogenous fatty acids in the plsX deletion of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract

Summary: PlsX is an acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP):phosphate transacylase that interconverts the two acyl donors in Gram-positive bacterial phospholipid synthesis. The deletion of plsX in Staphylococcus aureus results in a requirement for both exogenous fatty acids and de novo type II fatty acid biosynthesis. Deletion of plsX (SP0037) in Streptococcus pneumoniae did not result in an auxotrophic phenotype. The ΔplsX S.pneumoniae strain was refractory to myristic acid-dependent growth arrest, and unlike the wild-type strain, was susceptible to fatty acid synthesis inhibitors in the presence of exogenous oleate. The ΔplsX strain contained longer chain saturated fatty acids imparting a distinctly altered phospholipid molecular species profile. An elevated pool of 18- and 20-carbon saturated fatty acids was detected in the ΔplsX strain. A S.pneumoniae thioesterase (TesS, SP1408) hydrolyzed acyl-ACPin vitro, and the ΔtesS ΔplsX double knockout strain was a fatty acid auxotroph. Thus, the TesS thioesterase hydrolyzed the accumulating acyl-ACP in the ΔplsX strain to liberate fatty acids that were activated by fatty acid kinase to bypass a requirement for extracellular fatty acid. This work identifies tesS as the gene responsible for the difference in exogenous fatty acid growth requirement of the ΔplsX strains of S.aureus and S.pneumoniae. PlsX (acyl-acyl carrier protein:phosphate transacylase) is essential for phospholipid synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, and S. aureus plsX knockouts are fatty acid auxotrophs. However, a plsX knockout in Streptococcus pneumoniae grew without a fatty acid supplement. The expression of an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (TesS) is responsible for the difference in lipid metabolism in these two bacteria.