Improving Linear Projects Georeferencing to Create Digital Models Using UAV Imagery

Abstract

Global Positioning System (GPS) on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform relies on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology with a precision of 10 m at shooting time at UAV camera stations positions. Nonetheless, obstacles to the GPS signal at the finest flight altitude can prevent accurate camera stations positions retrieval. In this research, three different georeferencing techniques were compared with geometric precision. The first is Direct Georeferencing (DG), which mainly depends on using Navigation GPS onboard without using any Ground Control Points (GCPs). The second is Indirect Georeferencing (IG), which mainly depends on three GCPs used to assist Aero-Triangulation (AT). The third is Modified technique depends on the same three GCPs used in the second method and enhanced location of camera stations usage of the Linear Relation Model (LR Model). The study area was in the south of the Moscow Region, Russia. Three- imaging strips have been taken using the DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO UAV. The accuracy assessment was carried out using image-derived coordinates and checkpoints (CPs) residuals. This study emphasizes that the Modified methodology using enhanced camera stations positions gave better accuracy than using the drone GPS camera stations positions.