Advancements in Green Ammonia Production and Utilisation Technologies

Abstract

Green ammonia, produced through renewable energy-powered electrochemical and thermal processes, is emerging as a promising candidate to replace fossil fuel-based ammonia in the fertiliser, transportation and energy sectors. This paper provides an overview of the production methods, utilisation methods and technological advancements for green ammonia. The electrochemical production and Haber-Bosch with renewable hydrogen and energy are discussed in detail highlighting recent material advances. Green ammonia utilisation methods are discussed with direct use cases such as ammonia combustion and direct ammonia fuel cells examined. Green ammonia’s potential as a carbon-free hydrogen carrier is also discussed in regards to ammonia cracking for effective hydrogen recovery. This paper concludes that green ammonia has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a sustainable energy system and offers new opportunities for the fertiliser, transportation and energy industries.