THE VALUES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE CONSTITUTION

Abstract

This article was written specifically for today, a time when new democracies are in a time of reassessment of values, a period of learning new, democratic values and establishing them in their lives. It is this need to make us think about the values reflected by the constitution of a country that is exemplary in world history in terms of its significance and content. Therefore, there is no doubt that we should once again take a practical look at the values of the exemplary constitution and consider it valuable to us. We live in the 21st century, in an era of global challenges and conflicts, when it is important to preserve and uphold democratic values for any state to prevent global conflict. Our state is a young democracy, which started building an independent state after the 90s of the 20th century and has done a lot for the development of democracy. But the geopolitical challenges of the 21st century, regional and global factors still pose a great threat to the preservation of democracy, especially in young democracies. The Covid-19 pandemic has once again put on the agenda the need to uphold democratic values around the world. Especially today, when the most devastating war, unheard cruelty and extremely grave war crimes are taking place in Ukraine and the democratic world is trying to appropriately respond to the occupation of Ukrainian territories by Russia. Today we must speak loudly about the universal and democratic values that are common to all civilized countries of the modern world and civil societies, as well as the development of democratic states. Civil society contributes to the development of democracy. Citizens in such a community unite around issues that are important not only to them but also to the development of the communities at large. The development of democracy is directly related to the existence of active citizens in the country. The more citizens participate in democratic processes, the more responsibility the government has to run the country. It is important to feel for all of us today values that are well established in the constitutions of Western states, especially the United States, always a model for any state of building democracy. We think that reminding all this will help our societies to take into account and implement in life the values that have emerged in the base of a successful country. In the United States Historical Document, the Declaration of Independence, best express the meaning of the word "democracy." From the adoption of the declaration until today, the citizens of this country believe that their state allows the realization of these words in life, although this has not always been the case for everyone. Americans have fought for these rights for a very long and selfless time and continue fighting till Today. The American Declaration of Independence is a concentrated expression of the spirit of all human history, of the greatest religions, of the brightest-minded thinkers. Neither before nor since has any political document better assessed the place of man and his right in the world. The declaration embodied the ideas embedded in it as state policy. This happened in 1776, when almost the whole world was feudal and monarchs had no ridiculous talk about human rights. The declaration emphasizes that the abuse of power and the manifestation of despotism force the people to put an end to such a government and that it was its right and duty. One of the hallmarks of American history is that it is marked by a red line of tradition of inheritance, continuous connection between generations when the successes of one generation are built on the foundation created by the previous generation. And this is not an accidental necessity for the sustainability and development of the state. Hence-heredity! America is not the unity of the conquered nations. They came to America of their own free will (except for African slaves) in order to voluntarily become Americans, American citizens. Consequently, the power and difference of these people were also expressed in their freedom, and where there is freedom, the quality of creativity is also higher. America has become a perfect example of multiethnic unity, where everyone could become an equal citizen of America and gain personal and creative freedom here. U.S. Constitution 1787. It was created in a very short time, but its ideology, like all great events, has deep roots in the past. The US Constitution is considered the pinnacle of the Enlightenment. He attributed the achievements and thoughts of this grand 18th-century endeavor to the field of human relations in Western science. The works of Locke, Montesquieu, Hume, Burmalak, and even Polybius himself are undoubted. The guiding principle in the US Constitution is the principle of democratic governance. Equality is the most important for the democratic development of the country! Also important is the active participation and involvement of the public in public and political processes, political pluralism, free and fair elections and the redistribution of power. Each of them represents the fundamental values of democracy and without them the existence of democratic governance in the state is inconceivable. The US Constitution is built entirely on the principle of the rule of law. The latter is one of the key elements of modern democracies, which in a broad sense includes not only the establishment and management of the state by well-meaning laws; but also, that the laws adopted must be rational and substantively relevant to the basic law-constitution of the country. Another important segment of the US Constitution is social protection and its guarantees. Among the obligations of the state to the society is to ensure the social security of the society. It is for this purpose that social protection systems are established in the state, which tries to ensure the established standards of living and quality of life of the population through the distribution of national income. Had a major impact on shaping the American worldview of the 80-ies of 18th century. The most characteristic sign of American self-consciousness was the Republican aspirations – a mixture of ideas and spiritual values – the main task of the American Revolution. In 1791 a whole series of amendments were added to the United States Constitution, the first ten of which are a list of civil and political rights. The amendments are known as the Bill of Rights of the United States and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, along with the Universal Declaration of Human and Civil Rights of the French Republic. The Bill of Rights protects rights such as freedom of thought and expression, freedom of religion, a fair trial, the principle of separation of powers, and so on. As in the case of France, the Bill of Rights is still an integral part of the US Constitution, and citizens often use it to defend their rights. U.S. history spans just 250 years and is considered by many to be a young state. The achievements of the American state are the result of the quality of the existing years and not the formal quantity. American history has not diminished either confrontation or sacrificial battles, but even then, the ideological foundation of American society was based on human rights, tolerance, and mutual respect. The winner did not oppress and defeat the loser, but reconciled and facilitated his successful inclusion in the new reality created by the battle. We are not talking about changing the government only through elections. The American Constitution, unlike formal democracies, actually operates. • The main novelty of the American Constitution is the division and balance of power, according to which none of the three branches of government has an absolute advantage. And this is the most acceptable form of state regulation, when everyone can equally control any branch of government, and that is precisely the achievement of American democracy. • Equality is crucial for the democratic development of the country. It was this equality that led to the formation and development of American society, as well as the formation of a separate American nation. • The US Constitution is built entirely on the principle of the rule of law. Over time, the notion of the state has undergone a transformation. Along with progress, the standard of human needs also increased. Political and economic views in the world were changing, consequently the forms of government and the content of laws and rules were changing. Eventually, a significant number of countries in the world underwent a transformation and emerged as a state governed by the rule of law, with a high legal culture and governed by the rule of law. • An important segment of the US Constitution is also social protection and its guarantees. The aim of social policy is to promote the creation of a political, economic and social system based on the principles of social justice, equality and solidarity. • America has become a perfect example of multiethnic unity, where everyone could become an equal citizen of America and gain personal and creative freedom here. Diversity is based on the fact that different people recognize the uniqueness and individuality of each person, respect and get to know each other despite differences, resulting in wider participation of society in the political and social life of the country, which is an integral part of a democratic state. A country is racially and ethnically diverse, inhabited by people of different races and ethnicities, of which one race or ethnicity may be the majority, although society recognizes and respects people of other ethnicities as equals. The best example of racial and ethnic diversity are the United States, where people of almost every race and ethnicity in the world live without any discrimination. The United States still maintains the values that are expressed in its main document. Moreover, these values have become a marker of American civil society, its core principles are part of the everyday life of the average American citizen, and ignoring them is tantamount to a crime. If a person wants American citizenship, membership in American society, he or she must recognize and embrace those values. That is why American society is bound by these very values and it is very difficult to dismantle it. That’s why the United States, with its republican form of government, is a strong and prosperous state. American values are now transcended by the United States and are being studied and viewed as a formula for success by leading states and even emerging democracies. Our interest in this issue is not accidental. For the young democracies of the post-Soviet space, where civil society is being built and state institutions are being developed, it is time to focus on these values and study them more carefully, which will be the key to future success. Finalizing suggestions we want to underline that values are very important for every epoch of history. They make a big impact on societies and states and their further development. And achievements and successes depend on the choice of states and societies regarding values they prefer.