Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Fibromyalgia Among Schoolteachers in The Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Purpose: Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. It is more common in women, often underdiagnosed, and may be shaped by lifestyle and occupational factors. Teachers experience high physical and psychosocial demands, yet FMS prevalence in this group in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. This study assessed FMS prevalence among schoolteachers in the Eastern Province, identified risk factors, and explored its impact on work performance. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 850 teachers aged ≥25 years from private and governmental schools. Participants completed a self-administered online survey including demographics, lifestyle, occupational, and health data, along with the validated Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria (FSDC, 2010 ACR). FMS prevalence and its associations with demographic and lifestyle factors were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests. Work performance was evaluated through self-reported measures of motivation, concentration, punctuality, absenteeism, and workplace relationships. Results: Mean age was 44.8 (±8.7) years; 64% were female and 92.8% Saudi nationals. FMS prevalence was 14.4%, with only 4.5% previously diagnosed. FMS was significantly associated with female gender, divorced/widowed status, physical inactivity, and poor sleep, while BMI and age showed no significant association. Teachers with FMS reported lower motivation and concentration, but no differences were found in punctuality, absenteeism, or workplace relationships. Conclusion: FMS affects approximately one in seven schoolteachers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with the majority of cases remaining undiagnosed. Female gender, physical inactivity, and poor sleep were significantly associated with FMS. Teachers with FMS reported reduced work motivation and concentration. These findings highlight the need for increased awareness of FMS among educators and healthcare providers.