Spatial Analysis of Drought Vulnerability Related to Climate Change and Under Five Children’s Nutritional Status

Abstract

Drought vulnerability which more prevalent due to climate change reduce public health quality. This research aims to map areas that are vulnerable to drought and correlate them with under five children nutritional status. This was a cross-sectional study using spatial analysis in Borobudur District. Drought vulnerabilities were overlayed using three drought-prone indicators of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The spatial analysis found 8 villages (40%) had high, 6 villages (30%) had medium, and 6 villages (30%) had low drought vulnerability. Stunting prevalence derived from the routine community-based nutritional surveillance of the Magelang District Health Office. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the risk of stunting among different level of spatial indicators related to drought. The average prevalence of stunting was higher in the areas with high (12.57%), compared to medium (8.93%), and low (8.73%) drought vulnerability, but not statistically significant (F=1.763; p>0.05). Stunting was significantly related to water availability (NDWI). A lower NDWI index increased the risk of stunting in children (F=4.620; p<0.05). NDWI spatial analysis can be used as a reference to support preventive efforts to mitigate drought and the nutritional status of children in rural areas.