Assessing dimensions of quality in early childhood development centers: case of community-based childcare centres in Neno district, rural Malawi

Abstract

Introduction: In Malawi, over 43% of children under five are at risk of not achieving their full developmental potential due to factors like poverty and limited access to essential services. Despite significant advancements in early childhood development (ECD) policies, research on the quality dimensions of ECD centres remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate the quality of community-based childcare centres (CBCCs) in Neno District, focusing on infrastructure, resources, and service delivery. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2021 in Traditional Authority Chekucheku, Neno District. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys, key informant interviews, and direct observations. The sample included five ECD centres and 35 caregivers. Data analysis utilised SPSS for descriptive statistics and Dedoose for thematic analysis. Results: The study found that 80% of CBCCs had permanent structures, but many lacked essential facilities such as adequate playing materials and sleeping arrangements. Enrollment increased from 214 children in 2015/16 to 303 in 2019/20, with higher female enrollment. However, only 40% of centres provided all eight essential learning areas. Sanitation and water access were variable, with 80% of centres having safe water sources but some lacking adequate hygiene facilities. Discussion: The study highlights improvements in ECD infrastructure but identifies ongoing challenges, including insufficient playing materials, inadequate sanitation, and limited male involvement I ECD service delivery. The findings emphasise the need for a holistic approach to enhance ECD services, focusing on infrastructure, hygiene, and community engagement. Policy recommendations include improving resource allocation and supporting inclusive infrastructure development. Conclusions: While significant developments have been made in the ECD realm, several challenges still exist in the Neno District. Addressing these issues through targeted interventions and community involvement is crucial for ensuring high-quality ECD services that support the developmental needs of all children.