Stability study of eugenol and kitolod extract (Isotoma longiflora) nanoemulsion concentrate for botanical pesticide application

Abstract

In the agricultural field it is common to use synthetic pesticide due to practical and efficient application yet it can leave residue in long term use that can be harmful to health, causing resistance and resurgence of pests and disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. Botanical pesticide is potential to substitute synthetic pesticide due to abundant raw materials in nature, the manufacturing process does not require high technology and easily biodegradable so it is relatively safe to use. The natural ingredients that can be used for botanical fungicide are eugenol and kitolod leaves because it has antimicrobial compound namely hexanedioic acid and silicic acid. This active agent was formulated in Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) due to practical and economical factors. This study investigated the stability of nanoemulsion concentrate of eugenol and kitolod extract combination with variation of Span 85 and Tween 80 ratio with different hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) 5-7. The most stable formulation consists of 99% eugenol, 1% kitolod extract, combination surfactant of Span 85 60% and Tween 80 40% and ethanol as solvent with ration 1:5. The average particle size is 288.7 ± 9.2 nm with polydispersity index 0.339 ± 0.055.