A backscatter difference technique for ultrasonic bone assessment

Abstract

Ultrasonic backscatter techniques may offer a useful approach for detecting changes in cancellous bone caused by osteoporosis and other diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of a backscatter difference technique for ultrasonic bone assessment. Measurements were performed on 22 cube-shaped specimens of human cancellous bone using four broadband transducers with center frequencies 2.25, 5, 7.5, and 10 MHz. The backscatter difference spectrum D(f) was obtained by subtracting power spectra (in dB) from two different portions of the same backscatter signal. D(f) was found to be a monotonically increasing, quasi-linear function of frequency when averaged over multiple measurement sites on multiple specimens. The frequency slope of D(f) demonstrated weak to moderate correlations with specimen density (R = 0.21–0.80). The frequency averaged mean of D(f) demonstrated moderate to good correlations with density (R = 0.70–0.95). These results suggest that parameters based on the frequency averaged mean of the backscatter difference spectrum may be useful for bone assessment purposes.