Turf toe: A clinical update

Abstract

Turf toe is a condition that describes injury to the plantar metatarsophalangeal-sesamoid complex of the great toe. It is a relatively rare and debilitating condition, particularly seen in American footballers after the introduction of harder, artificial 'turf' surfaces. Turf toe represents a significant injury to the hallux and requires a high index of suspicion. If unrecognized, it can lead to chronic problems including reduced push-off strength, persistent pain, progressive deformity and eventual joint degeneration. Patients with chronic injuries may have worse outcomes, and therefore early, accurate diagnosis and initiation of treatment play a vital role. A multidisciplinary team approach is key for successful return to sport.