Acute life-threatening cardiovascular toxicity with umbilical cord blood infusion: The role of dextran

Abstract

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is being increasingly used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to its immediate availability. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dextran-40 are commonly used for processing and cryopreservation of UCB [1]. Adverse UCB infusion-related events are usually mild. However, reports of severe life-threatening events are now emerging [2,3]. DMSO has been proposed as a possible cause of infusion-related reactions [3-7]. In this report, we draw attention to an acute near-fatal reaction with UCB infusions resulting in myocardial ischemia and acute renal failure. We propose that dextran-40 in UCB infusion products be considered as a potential causative agent contributing to this infusion-related reaction, based on reports of known adverse reactions to dextran-40 in nontransplant settings [8-12].