Quantum Otto Engine based on Multiple-State Single Fermion in 1D Box System

Abstract

In this work, a quantum Otto engine (QOE) based on a multiple-state single fermion particle trapped in an one-dimensional potential well has been studied. In this study, we used an analogical model completed with the first law of thermodynamics for the quantum system. The system satisfied the relativistic Hamiltonian, especially Dirac Hamiltonian. The engine consisted of the quantum isochoric and isentropic processes to form an Otto Cycle. The heat input and output were transferred under isochoric processes. As a result, the higher the number of energies was arranged, the lower the efficiency the system has. However, we could increase the efficiency of QOE by controlling the compression ratio. In addition, we also obtained the correspondence of the efficiency ultra-relativistic limits QOE and non-relativistic limits one.