End of history, Covid 19, and new Leviathan the broken communication between modernism and postmodernism

  • Vlajki E
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Abstract

This work is about the spirit of Western civilization and its temptations. Drawing on Hegel's philosophy of history, the text explains why, until recently, this civilization was dominant over the rest of the world. The thing is that she understood the importance of rationality, subordinated all manifestations of life to her and especially, during capitalism (modernism), developed science and technology, and produced powerful weapons. Along the way, she incorporated all the significant achievements of other civilizations and peoples into her system of rationality. In this regard, Hegel says in the introduction to the Philosophy of History: „The only Thought which Philosophy brings with it to the contemplation of History, is the simple conception of Reason; that Reason is the Sovereign of the World; that the history of the world, therefore, presents us with a rational process.“ In other words, history is exclusively occupied with showing how Reason (Mind) comes to a recognition and adoption of the Truth. Of course, rationality is something that belongs to all civilizations and peoples, but other societies, for various reasons (geographical, climatic, religious, etc.) subordinated rationality to some other imperatives. Therefore, many of these communities were non-historical. Whatever it was, the West exploited its supremacy by colonizing other civilizations and destroying some. From the usual moral point of view, it is unacceptable, criminal. However, Hegel's philosophy, somewhat in Marx and Engels's interpretation, says something else. History makes sense. Its primary goal is to preserve humankind from anything that could destroy it, especially from various natural cataclysms and deadly diseases. The meaning of history is also its progress towards civil society as the realization of freedom and the end of history. This was only possible by adopting and practicing absolute rationality. Why guns and violence? Absolute rationality, in order to be histo-rically efficient, had to cover the whole world. In the West, as a "chosen civilization", it was to make it happen and he, militarily superior, did so by submiting other civilizati-ons and nations to the extreme violence. On the other hand, with this relentless exploitation of colonized areas, the West was able to develop rapidly in every way and thus, at the level of possibility, achieve the best destiny of humankind. Especially important was the XX century. Then this civilization, developing medicine, genetics, computer science, nanotechnology and robotics, managed to defeat various deadly diseases, begin space exploration, and turn deserts into fertile soils and, with the "green revolution", produce food for all the inhabitants of the planet. Seeing the advantages of rationality, other areas of the world, with varying success, followed the example of the West. Colonialism disappeared, and human rights and international relations were institutionalized, especially throughout the United Nations. The détente between the two blocs, capitalism and socialism, was established, and the nonaligned movement contributed to the stabilization of the world. As for the world's environmental prob-lems arising from the often-uncontrolled industrialization, they too, although excruciating and slow, seek to be solved on a global scale. Unlike modernism, which was constituted as a modern civil society with the adopted principle of equality of all, the current postmodernism is the opposite of everything civil. The market economy is functioning less and less, major utopian ideas, Christianity and Marxism, have been abandoned, the “new human rights” destroyed everything noble of the already proclaimed universal human rights. In the resulting hopeless chaos, worried about the rise of China and Russia, the most important forces in the West crossed in the "illegal" making a global deep state, the New Leviathan. They operate, as needed, both through formal and in-formal mechanisms. If necessary, they also oppose the authorities of their states if they deem their actions to be collapsing this civilization. As good disciples of Carl Schmitt, the German political philosopher, they are against the humanization of interpersonal relations; they have enormous financial and technical means and inhuman, eugenic ideas about reducing the world's population. There is no longer any doubt that their methods include the production and dissemination of deadly viruses. The action of these anti-liberal shadow minds is the destruction of all existing humanism, and has not-hing to do with history or any sense. Note. Leviathan is a sea monster mentioned in the biblical Book of Job, where it is associated with the forces of chaos and evil. Metaphorically, Leviathan is a huge and powerful social organism living secretly in the darck deep, out of any legal social control.Ovo djelo govori o duhu zapadne civilizacije i njezinim iskušenjima. Oslanjajući se na Hegelovu filozofiju povijesti, tekst objašnjava zašto je donedavno ova civilizacija bila dominantna nad ostatkom svijeta. Stvar je u tome što je razumjela važnost racionalnosti, podredila sve manifestacije života njoj, a posebno, tijekom kapitalizma (modernizma), razvila znanost i tehnologiju i proizvela moćno oružje. Usput je u svoj sustav racionalnosti uključila sva značajna dostignuća drugih civilizacija i naroda. U tom smislu, Hegel u uvodu filozofije povijesti kaže: "Jedina misao koju filozofija donosi sa sobom u kontemplaciju povijesti je jednostavna koncepcija Uma; da je Um vladar svijeta; da nam povijest svijeta, dakle, predstavlja racionalan proces." Drugim riječima, povijest je isključivo okupirana pokazivanjem kako Um dolazi do priznanja i usvajanja Istine. Naravno, racionalnost je nešto što pripada svim civilizacijama i narodima, ali su druga društva, iz različitih razloga (geografskih, klimatskih, vjerskih itd.) podredila racionalnost nekim drugim imperativima. Stoga mnoge od tih zajednica nisu bile povijesne. Što god da je bilo, Zapad je iskoristio svoju nadmoć kolonizirajući druge civilizacije i uništavajući neke. Sa uobičajenog moralnog stajališta, to je neprihvatljivo, kriminalno. Međutim, Hegelova filozofija, donekle u Marxovoj i Engelsovoj interpretaciji, govori nešto drugo. Povijest ima svoj smisao. Njegov primarni cilj je sačuvati čovječanstvo od svega što bi ga moglo uništiti, osobito od raznih prirodnih kataklizmi i smrtonosnih bolesti. Smisao povijesti je i njegov napredak prema civilnom društvu kao ostvarenju slobode i kraja povijesti. To je bilo moguće samo usvajanjem i prakticiranjem apsolutne racionalnosti. Zašto oružje i nasilje? Apsolutna racionalnost, da bi bila povijesno učinkovita, morala je pokriti cijeli svijet. Na Zapadu je, kao "izabrana civilizacija", to trebalo ostvariti, a on je, vojno superioran, to učinio koristeći nad drugim civilizacijama i narodima ekstremno nasilje. S druge strane, ovom nemilosrdnom eksploatacijom koloniziranih područja, Zapad se mogao brzo razvijati u svim domenima i tako, na razini mogućnosti, omogućiti najbolju sudbinu čovječanstva. Posebno je važno bilo XX stoljeće. Tada je ova civilizacija, razvijajući medicinu, genetiku, informatiku, nanotehnologiju i robotiku, uspjela pobijediti razne smrtonosne bolesti, započeti istraživanje svemira i pretvoriti pustinje u plodna tla i, uz "zelenu revoluciju", proizvoditi hranu za sve stanovnike planeta. Vidjevši prednosti racionalnosti, druga područja svijeta, s različitim uspjehom, slijedila su primjer Zapada. Kolonijalizam je nestao, a ljudska prava i međunarodni odnosi bili su institucionalizirani, osobito u deklaracijama Ujedinjenih naroda. Uspostavljen je detant između dva bloka, kapitalizma i socijalizma, a pokret nesvrstanih pridonio je stabilizaciji svijeta. Što se tiče svjetskih ekoloških problema koji proizlaze iz često nekontrolirane industrijalizacije, i oni, iako mučno i sporo, nastoje biti riješeni na globalnoj razini. Za razliku od modernizma, koji je konstituiran kao moderno civilno društvo s usvojenim načelom jednakosti svih, sadašnji postmodernizam je suprotan svemu građanskom. Tržišna ekonomija sve lošije funkcionira, napuštene su velike utopijske ideje: kršćanstvo i marksizam, "nova ljudska prava" uništila su sve plemenito od već proglašenih univerzalnih ljudskih prava. U nastalom beznadnom kaosu, zabrinute zbog uspona Kine i Rusije, najvažnije snage na Zapadu prešle su u "ilegalu", stvaranjem globalne duboke države, Novog Levijatana. Djeluje, prema potrebi, putem formalnih i neformalnih mehanizama. Ako je potrebno, on se također protivi vlastima svojih država ako smatra da njihovi postupci urušavaju ovu civilizaciju. Kao dobar učenik Carla Schmitta, njemačkog političkog filozofa, on je protiv humanizacije međuljudskih odnosa; ima ogromna financijska i tehnička sredstva i neljudske, eugeničke ideje o smanjenju svjetske populacije. Više nema sumnje da njegove metode uključuju proizvodnju i širenje smrtonosnih virusa. Ciljevi djelovanja tih antiliberalnih svjetskih vlasti u sjeni, je uništenje cijelog postojećeg humanizma i nema nikakve veze s poviješću ili bilo kakvim smislom. Primjedba. Levijatan je morsko čudovište spomenuto u biblijskoj Knjizi o Jobu, gdje je povezan sa silama kaosa i zla. Metaforički, Levijatan je ogroman i moćan društveni organizam koji živi skriven u dubokoj tami, izvan bilo kakve pravne društvene kontrole. Rad ima dva dijela: - Smisao povijesti, modernizam i nužnost zapadnog nasilja - Postmodernizam, sumrak Zapada i Novi Levijatan Slijedi zaključak o budućnosti čovječanstva.

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APA

Vlajki, E. (2021). End of history, Covid 19, and new Leviathan the broken communication between modernism and postmodernism. Media, Culture and Public Relations, 12(2), 124–156. https://doi.org/10.32914/mcpr.12.2.1

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