The Economic, Political and Security Dimensions of the Water Crisis in Middle East

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to examine the political and security dimensions of the water crisis in the Middle East, identify its causes, and explore the sources of conflict over water resources in the region. Methods: The study utilized historical and descriptive analytical methods to investigate the historical roots of the water problem and analyze the state of water security in the Arab world. It also employed a legal approach focusing on the analysis of legal texts and international agreements related to the division of international river waters. Results: The study found that the conflict over water rights is essentially a struggle for control and sharing of water sources, encompassing political, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. The Middle East region represents a focal point of water conflict due to population growth, increased water usage, and scarcity. Therefore, the water issue requires legal, political, and economic considerations, with resolution guided by the principles of international law. Given the scarcity of water resources in the Arab world, competition over limited sources may be perceived as a matter of national security, as water security is closely linked to economic, social, and political stability. Conclusion: Since water is a fundamental and interconnected resource for all economic, social, and environmental activities, including food, energy, industrial development, transportation, and human health, it necessitates urgent attention as a matter of life or death in the Arab world and an integral part of Arab national and international security. The water problem is a regional and international issue that must be addressed through regional and international cooperation, fostering genuine partnerships for water resource development, management, and rational utilization to contribute to the resolution of various challenging issues such as economic development, security, borders, and the environment.