Complete genome analysis of Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus from mare abscess and comparative genomics provide insight of diversity and adaptation for Glutamicibacter

Abstract

Bacteria of the genus Glutamicibacter are considered ubiquitous because they can be found in soil, water and air. They have already been isolated from different habitats, including different types of soil, clinical samples, cheese and plants. Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium important to various biotechnological processes, however, as a pathogen it is associated to urinary tract infections and bacteremia. Recently, Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus LGCM 259 was isolated from a mare, which displayed several diffuse subcutaneous nodules with heavy vascularization. In this study, sequencing, genomic analysis of G. creatinolyticus LGCM 259 and comparative analyses were performed among 4 representatives of different members of genus from different habitats, available in the NCBI database. The LGCM 259 strain's genome carries important factors of bacterial virulence that are essential in cell viability, virulence, and pathogenicity. Genomic islands were predicted for 4 members of genus Glutamicibacter, showing a high number of GEIs, which may reflect a high interspecific diversity and a possible adaptive mechanism responsible for the survival of each species in its specific niche. Furthermore, G. creatinolyticus LGCM 259 shares syntenic regions, albeit with a considerable loss of genes, in relation to the other species. In addition, G. creatinolyticus LGCM 259 presents resistance genes to 6 different classes of antibiotics and heavy metals, such as: copper, arsenic, chromium and cobalt-zinc-cadmium. Comparative genomics analyses could contribute to the identification of mobile genetic elements particular to the species G. creatinolyticus compared to other members of genus. The presence of specific regions in G. creatinolyticus could be indicative of their roles in host adaptation, virulence, and the characterization of astrain that affects animals.