Peri-implantitis: Etiology, prevention and management strategies

Abstract

Peri-implantitis represents a biofilm-associated pathologic condition characterized by inflammation and progressive bone loss around osseointegrated dental implants, which is a major risk to the survival of the implant. The etiology of peri-implantitis as a multifactorial process that includes microbial colonization, host susceptibility, biomechanical overload and systemic factors such as diabetes and smoking is analyzed in this systematic review. Preventive measures such as aggressive oral hygiene protocols, patient education and surface modification of implants are highlighted for their risk prevention potential. Management strategies involve both non-surgical interventions—debridement, local antibiotics, and laser phototherapy and surgery, resective and regenerative strategies to the severity of the disease. Comprehensive understanding of peri-implantitis pathogenesis and evidence-based treatment is essential in optimizing implant success and patient experience.