Dietary pattern in junior high school students: Literature review

Abstract

Background: Various studies on the students’ dietary patterns have been discussed but there is no literature review on the dietary patterns in junior high school students. Objectives: Describing the dietary patterns in junior high school students. The search process in this literature review refers to questions compiled using PCC: Population (P), concept (C), and context (C). Eligibility criteria: (1) Articles ranging from 2015-2020, (2) subjects aged 13-15 years, (3) articles that describe students’ dietary patterns, (4) full accessed articles, (5) original research articles, (6) cross-sectional studies. Source of evidence: Articles in this review literature were searched and obtained from ProQuest, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Charting methods: The article selection stage implemented the PRISMA diagram. Results: The junior high school students’ dietary patterns mostly do not emphasize the nutritional and calorie content of what food types they consume, what eating frequency is proper for themselves, and how much is the appropriate food amount based on their respective bodies. Instead, they just eat until they are satisfied. Hence, calories and nutrients are out of control. The clinical indicators used to determine whether a dietary pattern is good or bad are the Body Mass Index (BMI), Dietary References Intakes (DRIs), and Overall Competences at School (OCS). Indicators for non-clinical use were COMPASS and Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP). Conclusion: A good dietary pattern in junior high school students can be determined based on the food type, the eating frequency, and the food amount. The indicators for clinical outcomes are Body Mass Index (BMI), Dietary References Intakes (DRIs), Overall Competences at School (OCS), and Z-Score. Meanwhile, the non-clinical indicators are COMPASS and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP).