Prevalence and Associated Factors with Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Moroccan Region

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting particularly women and is characterized by diverse symptomatology. the main objective of our work is to assess the risk of anxiety and depression and their associated factors in patients with this disease and this is within the framework of a cross-sectional study carried out in the internal medicine department of CHU Hassan II in Fez. Eligible patients were recruited, informed about the study and invited to participate in order to complete a questionnaire providing information on their personal data and evaluating their psychological state using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs). Statistical analysis was carried out first descriptive, followed by univariate analysis and finally a multivariate analysis to look for factors that may be associated with the risk of anxiety and depression, taking into account possible confounding factors. For this, we included 102 patients, 92.2% of which were women with an average age of 41.6 ± 13.7 years. 55.4% (CI 95%: 45.8% - 65%) suffered from anxiety, which was statistically associated with the low level of study (OR = 2.77; CI 95%: 1.14 - 6.74), the large number of comorbidities (OR = 1.89; CI 95%: 1.18 - 3.03) and with the presence of respiratory manifestations (OR = 4.14; CI 95%: 1.27 - 13.43). Depression was present in 57.4% (95% CI: 47.8% - 67%), this presence was associated with marriage (OR = 4.81; CI 95%: 1.53 - 15.08), low monthly income (OR = 4.44; 1.47 - 13.40), the large number of comorbidities (OR = 1.93; 1.14 - 3.28) and a high number of lupus manifestations (OR = 1.33; 1.03 - 1.73), hence the need to take into account these disorders and to fight against the factors that cause them.