Various active materials implications on the performance of all organic redox flow battery (AORFB) in aqueous electrolyte

Abstract

In the last two decades, Redox Flow Battery (RFB) has gained much attention as a new alternative energy storage system. RFB's large energy storage capacity, design flexibility, easy to scale up and inexpensiveness, make it suitable for renewable energy storage systems whose inputs are fluctuated. Vanadium RFBs are the most widely developed types of RFBs. Other system uses zinc, Pb, nickel, cadmium, lithium, and other metals as electrolytes which are very limited and having low energy densities. The recent development of RFB is focusing on the emerging organic redox flow battery, which exhibits fast kinetics and low membrane crossover rates. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the various organic active materials in the RFB system. Its behavior and its implication on the rate capability and cycling stability of RFB are discussed. Understanding the type of organic substances and how it drives the overall performance of RFB system is important towards achieving the optimum setup of RFB and addressing the challenges encountered in its development. New approaches and directions are also recommended in this review to comprehend the development of RFB system.