Novel approach: Tungsten oxide nanoparticle as a catalyst for malonic acid ester synthesis via ozonolysis

Abstract

Malonic acid ester was synthesized via the one-step ozonolysis of palm olein. Malonic acid ester was spectroscopically characterized using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Tungsten oxide nanoparticles were used as the catalyst, which was characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Tungsten oxide provided several advantages as a catalyst for the esterification malonic acid such as simple operation for a precise ozonation method, an excellent yield of approximately 10%, short reaction times of 2 h, and reusability due to its recyclability.