Resolving OB Systems in the Carina Nebula with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor

Abstract

We observed 23 OB stars in the Carina Nebula (NGC 3372) with the Hubble Space Telescope's Fine Guidance Sensor 1r (FGS1r) in its high angular resolution mode. Five of these OB stars are newly resolved binaries with projected separations ranging from 0.015" to 0.352" (37 to 880 AU at a distance of 2.5 kpc), and V-band magnitude differences ranging from 0.9 to 2.8. The most important astrophysical result is the unexpected resolution of the prototype O2 If* star HD 93129A as a 55 milliarcsecond (mas) double with a ΔmV of 0.9. This object has served as a spectroscopic benchmark for the analysis of the most massive hot stars and their winds on the prior assumption that it is a single star. This discovery supports the interpretation of recent radio and X-ray observations as evidence of colliding-wind phenomena in HD 93129A. Another interesting result is the determination of an upper limit of about 35 AU for the projected separation of the binary pairs in the hierarchical double spectroscopic binary HD 93206. The high incidence of resolved binaries provides motivation for a more thorough, statistically meaningful study of multiplicity among the most massive stars in the young ionizing clusters of the nebula to obtain a complete sample of the long-period systems that have evaded spectroscopic detection. However, considering that the nine spectroscopic binaries with accurate orbits in the Carina Nebula have orbital dimensions