Pengaruh Konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid dan Benzyl Amino Purin terhadap Induksi Tunas Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Varietas Tapak Tuan secara In Vitro

Abstract

Pengaruh Konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid dan Benzyl Amino Purin terhadap Induksi Tunas Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Varietas Tapak Tuan secara In Vitro  Abstrak. Nilam merupakan tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri potensial yang menyuplai 90 % kebutuhan minyak nilam dunia. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya produktivitas nilam antara lain: mutu genetik tanaman, kurang tepatnya budidaya, pengendalian penyakit, pengelolaan panen dan pascapanen. Produksi nilam dapat ditingkatkan dengan teknik propagasi secara in vitro. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah tunas nilam varietas Tapak Tuan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) dan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) yang optimal untuk induksi tunas nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) varietas Tapak Tuan secara in vitro yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021-Mei 2022 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Parameter yang diteliti adalah persentase hidup eksplan, persentase tumbuh tunas adventif, dan persentase muncul kalus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup eksplan dan persentase muncul kalus terbaik sebesar 100 % terdapat pada 0,5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0,5 mg L-1 BAP dan 1,5 mg L-1 2,4-D +1,5 mg L-1 BAP. Persentase tumbuh tunas adventif terbaik sebesar 66,67 % dijumpai pada 1 mg L-1 BAP.  The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Benzyl Amino Purin Concentration on Shoot Induction of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) variety of Tapak Tuan In Vitro  Abstract. Patchouli is a potential essential oil-producing plant that supplies 90% of the world's patchouli oil needs. Factors that cause low patchouli productivity include: genetic quality of the plant, less precise cultivation, disease control, harvest and post-harvest management. Patchouli production can be increased by in vitro propagation techniques. The explants used were patchouli shoots of the Tapak Tuan variety. Research aimed to obtain optimal concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) for the induction of patchouli shoots (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) of the Tapak Tuan variety in vitro, conducted at December-May 2022 on Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The parameters studied were the percentage of explant survival, the percentage of adventitious shoot growth, and the percentage of callus emergence. The results showed that the percentage of surviving explants and the percentage of the best callus appearing 100% were found at 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 2.4 -D +1.5 mg L-1 BAP. The best growth percentage of adventitious shoots was 66.67% found at 1 mg L-1 BAP.