REDEFINING DIPLOMACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed how diplomacy is conducted in the 21st century. Digital diplomacy, or using ICTs to achieve diplomatic objectives, has become a key tool for states and non-state entities to communicate, negotiate, and influence global affairs. However, digitization also poses new challenges and risks for the practice and norms of diplomacy, such as cyberattacks, disinformation, and the digital divide. The paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review and case studies, analyzes digital diplomacy’s main features, benefits, and drawbacks, compares the experiences and strategies of different bodies, such as the European Union and Kosovo, and the impact of AI in diplomacy, etc. It also examines the ethical and social implications of digital diplomacy and its influence on the principles and values of traditional diplomacy. The digital diplomacy can enhance diplomacy’s efficiency, inclusiveness, and transparency, but it can also undermine its credibility, security, and accountability. It is a new and evolving phenomenon that offers both advantages and disadvantages for the conduct of international relations. Based on that, it can be concluded that the digital diplomacy requires a careful balance between innovation and regulation and it should be guided by a set of norms and standards that respect the interests and rights of all stakeholders.