The psychosocial web of oral health: exploring the links between sense of coherence, dental anxiety and quality of life in adolescents

Abstract

The dynamic interplay between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), sense of coherence (SOC), and dental anxiety has garnered increasing attention in recent years, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of their interconnections. This review synthesizes current evidence from interdisciplinary research to explore how these constructs interact and influence one another. OHRQoL reflects the functional, psychological, and social impact of oral health, while SOC represents an individual’s capacity to perceive life as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Dental anxiety, a prevalent barrier to oral healthcare, can significantly impair OHRQoL and is influenced by both subjective health perceptions and coping mechanisms. The literature indicates that a strong SOC may mitigate dental anxiety and buffer the negative effects of poor oral health on quality of life. Conversely, heightened dental anxiety can lead to avoidance behaviors, exacerbating oral health problems and diminishing OHRQoL. This review underscores the importance of a biopsychosocial approach in dental care, advocating for integrative strategies that enhance SOC and reduce anxiety to improve overall oral health outcomes and patient well-being. Gaps in the literature and directions for future research are also discussed, with emphasis on longitudinal studies and intervention-based approaches.