Celulitis preseptal y orbitaria

Abstract

Orbital cellulitis (OC) and preseptal (PC) are the most frequent causes of acute inflammation of the orbit, being relatively common ocular emergencies and potentially serious in the pediatric population. Different from preseptal cellulitis, in orbital cellulitis, the infection process involves the structures posterior to the anatomic boundary created by the orbital septum. The differential diagnosis between the two entities can be difficult from a clinical point of view. This aspect is critical since the prognosis is very different for the possible occurrence of complications such as subperiosteal abscesses and orbital and intracranial complications in the case of orbital cellulitis. The anatomical relationship of the orbit with neighboring structures, particularly with the sinuses is the key to understand the pathogenesis of these entities, appearing in most cases as a complication of sinusitis. Initial treatment is usually medical with antibiotic therapy covering the most common bacteria. May be necessary to perform imaging tests to rule out orbital involvement and detection of complications and establish the need for surgical treatment.