Pretreating Recycled Carbon Fiber Nonwoven with a Sizing Formulation to Improve the Performance of Thermoplastic Recycled Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Abstract

Pyrolysis is already an established recycling method to recover the carbon fibers of end-of-life composites. However, the pyrolysis process removes the fiber sizing. Fiber sizing is a critical step in composite material production, influencing adhesion, protection and overall performance. In this study, recycled carbon nonwoven reinforcements made from pyrolyzed carbon fibers were pretreated to improve the mechanical properties of polyamide and polypropylene composites. The pretreatment involved applying specific coatings (sizings) on the nonwoven by spraying. Pretreated and non-pretreated composites were prepared by compression molding to investigate the impact of the fiber pretreatment on the tensile properties and interlaminar shear strength. The tests were performed in the 0° and 90° directions of the composite plate. The results revealed that pretreatment had little effect on the polyamide composites. However, significant improvements were obtained for the polypropylene composites, as an increase of more than 50% in tensile strength was achieved in the 0° direction and more than 35% in the 90° direction. In addition, the interlaminar shear strength increased from 11.9 MPa to 14.3 MPa in the 0° direction and from 14.9 MPa to 17.8 MPa in the 90° direction.