Design of a frequency reconfigurable fractal antenna for internet of things (IoT) in vehicular communication

Abstract

In this paper, a reconfigurable antenna based on fractal elements is presented. A circular ring-shaped radiating patch is used in this design and a pair of connected circles are used as the fractal elements. The antenna is designed and fabricated on FR4 substrate with dimensions 40x30x1.6mm 3 . The switchable functionality of the proposed antenna is investigated by placing two PIN diodes as switching elements which joins circular ring and the fractal elements. The proposed antenna shows the reconfigurable functionality in S-band (2-4 GHz) and C-band (4-8 GHz) when operated at different bias conditions. The simulated model is showing a peak gain of more than 1.3 dB in S-band and more than 3.5 dB in C-band with good radiation efficiency with good radiation characteristics. The proposed design is suitable for vehicular communication applications in an Internet of Things (Vehicles) environment.