Bitkilerde Tuz Toleransının Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Bileşenleri

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the abiotic stress factors that restricting agricultural productivity throughout the world. Soil salinity may lead to a decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic activity, and eventually to slow down the growth rate in plants. However, some plant species are salt-tolerant and have the ability to complete their life cycle under high salt concentrations. Salt-tolerant plants may accumulate certain organic substances in their tissues, such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, some aminoacids, quaternary ammonium compounds and polyols. These organic substances are responsible for minimizing water loss, providing cellular osmoregulation and detoxification of active oxygen species (AOS) in salt-tolerant plants. Salt stress could also result in oxidative stress by accelerating AOS formation in plants. Therefore, salt-tolerant plants must have an effective antioxidant activity. In this review, the relationship between salt tolerance and some physiological and biochemical changes in plants under salt stress is discussed.