Regeneration of a critical bone defect after implantation of biphasic calcium phosphate - β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium pyrophosphate - And phosphate bioactive glass

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate new phosphate biomaterials for the regeneration of a critical bone defect. 45 Wistar rats were distributed in three groups: CON (without biomaterial implantation), FCB (biphasic calcium phosphate granules: β-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP/calcium pyrophosphate) and FCB/BV (FCB/bioactive glass granules), evaluated at 15, 45, and 120 postoperative days. In the CON group, bone neoformation restricted to bone edges and filling of the defect by thin fibrous connective tissue were observed. In FCB and FCB/BV, the granules filled the entire extent of the defect and showed greater fragmentation in FCB/BV. Bone neoformation was more evident in FCB. From the biomaterial particles, a loose connective tissue was formed, which evolved to fibrous in FCB. Biomaterials triggered a discrete chronic inflammatory granulomatous reaction, which became inconspicuous. It was concluded that materials were biocompatible, acted as three-dimensional scaffolds, presented osteoconductive potential, and favored bone regeneration, especially FCB. The addition of bioactive glass increased the biodegradability of FCB/BV.