Uniqueness seeking behavior as a self-verification: An alternative approach to the study of uniqueness

Abstract

Uniqueness theory explains that extremely high perceived similarity between self and others evokes negative emotional reactions and causes uniqueness seeking behavior. However, the theory conceptualizes similarity so ambiguously that it appears to suffer from low predictive validity. The purpose of the current article is to propose an alternative explanation of uniqueness seeking behavior. It posits that perceived uniqueness deprivation is a threat to self concepts, and therefore causes self verification behavior. Two levels of self verification are conceived: one based on personal categorization and the other on social categorization. The present approach regards uniqueness seeking behavior as the personal-level self verification. To test these propositions, a 2 (very high or moderate similarity information) × 2 (with or without outgroup information) × 2 (high or low need for uniqueness) between-subject factorial-design experiment was conducted with 95 university students. Results supported the self verification approach, and were discussed in terms of effects of uniqueness deprivation, levels of self categorization, and individual differences in need for uniqueness. © 1995, The Japanese Psychological Association. All rights reserved.