SGLT2 inhibitors: What is new?

Abstract

Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, gliflozins) were originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, in mandatory approval studies, they demonstrated unexpected positive effects on cardiovascular endpoints and renal function. Several phase III studies published during the last year have investigated the effects of this drug class on chronic kidney disease and heart failure in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The predominantly positive results have led to a continuing expansion of their clinical use. This article aims to provide an overview of the most recent endpoint studies on SGLT2i and show implications for practice, to present the state of knowledge on risks and side effects and to summarize current hypotheses on the mode of action of this class of drugs.