Anandamide-induced relaxation of sheep coronary arteries: The role of the vascular endothelium, arachidonic acid metabolites and potassium channels

Abstract

1. The effects of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, and its metabolically stable analogue, methanandamide, on induced tone were examined in sheep coronary artery rings in vitro. 2. In endothelium-intact rings precontracted to the thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619, anandamide (0.01-30 μM) induced slowly developing concentration-dependent relaxations (pEC50 [negative log of EC50]=6.1±4-0.1; Rmax [maximum response]=81±4-4%). Endothetium denudation caused a 10 fold rightward shift of the anandamide concentration-relaxation curve without modifying Rmax. Methanandamide was without effect on U46619-induced tone. 3. The anandamide-induced relaxation was unaffected by the cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR 141716A (3 μM), the vanilloid receptor antagonist, capsazepine (3 and 10 μM) or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 μM). 4. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (3 and 10 μM) and the anandamide amidohydrolase inhibitor, PMSF (70 and 200 μM), markedly attenuated the anandamide response. The anandamide transport inhibitor, AM 404 (10 and 30 μM), shifted the anandamide concentration-response curve to the right. 5. Precontraction of endothelium-intact rings with 25 mM KCl attenuated the anandamide-induced relaxations (Rmax=7±7%), as did K+ channel blockade with tetraethylammonium (TEA; 3 μM) or iberiotoxin (100 nM). Blockade of small conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, delayed rectifier K+ channels, KATP channels or inward rectifier K+ channels was without effect. 6. These data suggest that the relaxant effects of anandamide in sheep coronary arteries are mediated in part via the endothelium and result from the cellular uptake and conversion of anandamide to a vasodilatory prostanoid. This, in turn, causes vasorelaxation, in part, by opening potassium channels.