A cmos programmable fourth-order butterworth active-rc low-pass filter

Abstract

This paper presents a low-pass filter (LPF) for an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) reader transmitter in standard SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The active-RC topology and Butterworth approximation function are employed mainly for high linearity and high flatness respectively. Two cascaded fully-differential Tow-Thomas biquads are chosen for low sensitivity to process errors and strong resistance to the imperfection of the involved two-stage fully-differential operational amplifiers. Besides, the LPF is programmable in order to adapt to the multiple data rate standards. Measurement results show that the LPF has the programmable bandwidths of 605/870/1020/1330/1530/2150 kHz, the optimum input 1dB compression point of −7.81 dBm, and the attenuation of 50 dB at 10 times cutoff frequency, with the overall power consumption of 12.6 mW from a single supply voltage of 1.8 V. The silicon area of the LPF core is 0.17 mm2.