Saverio Muratori (1910-1973)

Abstract

Le centenaire de la naissance de Muratori (1910-1973) a été l’occasion de mieux comprendre comment l’un des initiateurs de la morphologie urbaine concevait la ville. Revenant aux sources qui ont guidés ses propres recherches sur « la ville comme seul modèle », en liaison avec Philippe Panerai, l’auteur fait un double point sur la carrière de Muratori. Il montre sa participation aux chantiers INA-Casa à Rome et son échec pour le quartier neuf des Barene di San Giuliano, face à Venise, qui sert de modèle (1949-1959). Puis il généralise ses conceptions en faisant appel à un demi-siècle pendant lequel l’école muratorienne a prouvé ses capacités d’intelligence de la ville et du territoire. Quatre éléments fondateurs charpentent les objectifs de Muratori : le type comme concept actif ou l’adaptation graduelle de la ville ; la série des échelles ; la storia operante ; le tissu banal de la ville.Starting from two periods in Muratori’s work, the INA-Casa social housing in Rome (1949-1954) and the dramatic refusal of his project for the Barene di San Giorgio in Mestre in front of Venice (1959-1960) one can point out how was conceived his vision of the city. The “City as the only Model” can be understood by his two research books Storia per un’ operante storia urbana of Venice (1959- 1960) and Rome (1963). To explain Muratori’s synthesis, four elements have been selected. The a priori “type” was theactive concept for the gradual adaptation of the city. From the plot to the territory, four scales built the interconnected structure of the city and the surrounding territory. Muratori’s fascination for history, based on Benedetto Croce, means an immediate connection between the analysis and the project. “Working with History” as a continuous force called “La storia operante” (the operating story) explains his building projects. The study of the basic urban fabric itself remains the base of Muratori’s followers in Muratori’s School. A large approach coming from different fields connected with scientific research explains the success of Muratori’s ideals.