Risk factors for enterobacter cloacae colonisation at a neonatal intensive care unit in the Netherlands

Abstract

Introduction: Following an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae complex ESBL at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a large tertiary care hospital in the Netherlands, a routine E. cloacae complex screening of all neonates was introduced. Literature on colonisation rates and risk factors for neonatal colonisation with E. cloacae are limited. Objectives: To determine the colonisation and risk factors for colonisation with E cloacae complex at the NICU. Methods: Neonates who were admitted at the NICU between March 2013 and April 2014 and who were screened for E. cloacae were included in this study. Microbiological screening data was extracted from the medical microbiology database. Demographical, clinical and admission data and information on birth weight and gestational age were extracted from the electronic patient records. Colonisation rates and risk factors were determined for all neonates and a subgroup of those with gestational age of 30 weeks or below. Results: Out of 353 neonates who were included in the study, 42 were positive for E. cloacae (11.9%; 95% confidence interval 8.8-15.6%). Risk factors for colonisation were: a lower birth weight, a lower gestational age, lower 1 minute APGAR score and longer duration of admission at the NICU. In neonates who were born <30 weeks.