Facteurs de risque communs aux maladies bucco-dentaires et aux maladies non transmissibles à Cotonou (Bénin)

Abstract

Common risk factors for dental and oral diseases, and communicable diseases in Cotonou (Benin). Oral diseases have in common with the four main categories of chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer) several risk factors, including the bad power supply, smoking and the harmful use of alcohol. Objective: The overall objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors common to dental and oral diseases, and other chronic diseases in Cotonou (Benin) in 2007. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study descriptive analytical referred in the department of the coastline in Benin in 2007 using the optional module of oral health of the World Health Organization STEPS 1 instrument. The sample was obtained by cluster survey to two degrees. The data analysis was carried out thanks to the Epi Info software 3.3.2. Results: Among the 2 568 subjects investigations, 37.95% were male and 62.05% of the female sex. The average age was 39.4 ± 11.8 years and more than 1/2 was not attending school. Depending on the age and sex, the age range of 35-44 years of the female sex was the most represented (26.60%). The smoking, present in 3.9% of this population, was significantly related to the sex and age. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages was 55.4% [CI95: 53.4%-57.3%], it was significantly linked with gender, level of education and to the profession. 90.30% of subjects consumed less than 5 fruits and vegetables per day. 10.1% of subjects investigations had declared a frequency of ingestion of food to upper 6 taken daily. The fasting blood glucose (FPG) performed in 65.14% of the subjects investigations had done a prevalence of diabetes mellitus (<1.26 g/l) of 4.6% that significantly increased with age. Concerning the local risk factors for 1 topic investigation on 3 stated that they used the brush plant for his daily dental oral hygiene and 55.7% of subjects reported brush teeth twice/day. Conclusion: The interest of this study is that it has allowed us to explore the distribution of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in general, oral and dental in particular according to the sex, the age group, the ethnic characteristics and socio behavioral in the city of Cotonou. It is an opening for more in-depth studies. It is mainly a tool which will serve as a support for raising the awareness of people for a change of behavior opposite the risk factors for MNT. © SFCO, 2013.